Geological and Environmental Sustainability

Oil and Gas Reservoir

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Petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface pool of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Petroleum reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In case of conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability. While in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods. Gas reservoir, in geology and natural gas production, a naturally occurring stage area, characteristically a folded rock formation such as an anticline that traps and holds natural gas and it has to be capped by impervious rock in order to form an effective seal that prevents the gas from esc. The formation of an oil or gas reservoir also requires a sedimentary basin that passes through four steps such as Deep burial under sand and mud, Pressure cooking, Hydrocarbon migration from the source to the reservoir rock and Trapping by impermeable rock.