Day 2 :
- Track 11: Structural Geology and Tectonics
- Track 7: Sedimentology and Costal Process
Session Introduction
Khalid A Almalki
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
Title: Role of climate on sediment deposition: A study of Cambrian-Ordovician, Tasmania, Australia
Time : 10:00-10:25
Biography:
Khalid A Almalki has completed his PhD at the age of 34 years from Monash University, School of Geosciences. He is the Director of Numerical Modeling Unit at King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST).
Abstract:
Late Cambrian–Ordovician sequences in Tasmania represent an excellent analogue for understanding the climatic controls over processes active during deposition of sediments. The paper presents and discusses the role of palaeogeography, and climatic conditions on the depositional processes and styles in a broad range of depositional settings including alluvial fans, braided fluvial, intertidal and shallow marine environments. This research was undertaken using conventional sedimentary facies analysis technique, in which several lithofacies were identified and facies associations were analysed to evaluate depositional processes and environments. Although the exact position of Tasmania in the Late Cambrian remains debatable, broad palaeogeographical reconstructions indicate that it was located on the eastern margin of the Gondwana landmass, and situated north of the palaeoequator. The Late Cambrian palaeoclimate reconstruction is complicated due to large uncertainties regarding atmospheric composition, palaeogeography, and terrestrial conditions, but it can be inferred that in the Late Cambrian through much of the Ordovician the climate was tropical with warm sea waters and was influenced by an extended greenhouse period, with rising and considerably high sea level throughout the Palaeozoic Era. Five broad facies associations have been identified, these include alluvial fans, braided fluvial, intertidal, shallow marine and sheet flows. There is a strong influence of palaeoclimate on the depositional processes and resulting stratigraphic build-ups. The depositional styles of similar aged sediments studied globally, are markedly different from their present day depositional analogues, mainly due to unique parameters controlling the overall depositional style, such as climate, vegetation state and global sea level conditions.
S M Ramasamy
Bharathidasan University, India
Title: Pattern and behavior of rivers and the late quaternary crustal movements of South India
Time : 10:25-10:50
Biography:
S M Ramasamy, a field Geologist (GSI, 15 years) turned into an Academician served as a Founder Professor & Director, Centre for Remote Sensing, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, India for over 25 years. Besides establishing the major Centre, he developed innovative Academic Programmes in Geomatics and Geology, guided large number of students, carried out over 30 major funded projects budgeting to INR 1200 lakhs, published over 250 scientific papers, 11 books/edited volumes etc. He has been conferred a number of awards and now is a member and chair of a number of scientific bodies in India and abroad including Chair, ISPRS WG VIII/5.
Abstract:
As the NNW – SSE orographic axis of the Western Ghats lies close to the western margin of the southern part of the Indian Peninsular, providing narrow steep slope to the west and wider shallow slope to the east, the westerlyflowing Western Ghats originatedriversgush into the Arabian Sea, whereas the easterly flowing Bay of Bengal bound rivers display stabilized flow and well developed life histories. Such easterly flowing rivers of Tamil Nadu from north to south namely the Palar, Ponnaiyar, Cauvery, Vaigai, Tamiraparani etc were studied for their pattern and flow behavior using satellite remote sensing,C14 dating, archaeology, epigraphy, and evidences from Tamil literature. The study revealed the phenomenal migration and varied anomalies of these rivers and the related crustal movements in parts of South India. The major river Cauvery which flowed easterly from the Western Ghats upto Hogenakkal seems to have branched off into three major palaeo courses; (i) the palaeo course system – 1 (PCS - 1) along Hogenakkal – Chennai with north easterly flow in the north, (ii) the PCS – 2 in east – south easterly direction along present day Ponnaiyar path meeting the sea in Cuddalore in the Centre and (iii) PCS – 3 with abrupt southerly and easterly flow between Hogenakkal and Tiruchirappalli in the south. In Tiruchirappalli, it branches off as a wide palaeo distributary system from the present day Pudukkottai Vellar River in the south to the Coleroon River in the north. The analyses of these in conjunction with other drainage anomalies, tectonic features and the above age dating tools showed that the river Cauvery flowed in Hogenakkal – Chennai tract during 500,000 – 3000 YBP (Years Before Present) and migrated southerly to PCS - 2 due to E-W cymatogenic arching along Mangalore-Chennai. Similarly, the Cauvery riverseems to have flowed along PCS – 2 during 2700 – 2300 YBP and migrated further southerly to PCS – 3 due to frequent storm surges in Cuddalore confluencing point, the opening up of the faults in Hogenakkal – Erode region and the phenomenon of river capture by Proto Amaravati flowing along Tiruchirappalli. The Cauvery which flowed along PCS – 3 during 2100 YBP in Pudukkottai Vellar path anticlockwisely migrated and stabilized as Coleroon around 750 YBP due to N-S block faulting in the southern Pudukkottai– Pattukkottai– Mannarkudi area. All the other rivers which currently flow, seems to be Misfit Rivers over the left out traces of Cauvery. These Misfit Rivers too preferentially migrate and show various drainage anomalies. The Vaigai river flowing south of Cauvery shows lobate deltas in three stages indicating E – W cymatogenic arching along Cochin – Madurai – Rameshwaram. The easterly flowing Tamiraparani indicates anE – W grabening. Such life histories of the rivers show the E – W trending alternate cymatogenic arching and deepening and the transverse faults with Sinistral & Dextral geometries indicating the still ongoing northerly directed compressive force which has originally drifted Indian Plate towards north.
Shipra Sinha
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
Title: Application of Markov chain and Entropy function for cyclicity analysis of a Lithostratigraphic Sequence - A case history from the Kolhan basin, Jharkhand, Eastern India
Time : 11:30-11:50
Biography:
Shipra Sinha is a final year master student of the department of Geology and Geophysics at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, enrolled in its 5yr Integrated M.Sc course in Applied Geology. She is a recipient of MITACS Globalink International Research Internship Fellowship in 2014 for the summer internship in Canada. She was selected for Summer Research Fellowship Program in 2013 by Indian Academy of Science (IAS), India. She has successfully completed her M.Sc dissertation under the supervision of Prof. S das, Geology and Geophysics, IIT Kharagpur.
Abstract:
Lithofacies succession in Chaibasa-Naomundi Basin of the Proterozoic Kolhan Group, Jharakhand has been studied statistically using modified Markov chain model and entropy function. The lithofacies analysis based on the field descriptions, petrographic investigation and their vertical packaging has been done for assessing the sediment depositional framework and the environment of deposition. Six lithofacies arranged in two genetic sequences have been recognized within the succession. The result of Markov chain analysis indicates that the deposition of the lithofacies is Non-Markovian process and represents asymmetric fining-upward non-cyclicity. The chi-square test has been done to test of randomness in hypotheses for lithofacies transition at confidence level of 95%. The entropy analysis has been done to evaluate the randomness of occurrence of lithofacies in a succession. Two types of entropies are related to every state; one is relevant to the Markov matrix expressing the upward transitions (entropy after deposition) and the other relevant to the matrix expressing the downward transitions (entropy before deposition). The energy regime calculated from the entropy analysis showing maximum randomness suggests that deposition is by quick rapid flow which gradually changes to slow flow by changing the depositional pattern from deltaic sandstone to lacustrine shale deposit as a result of sediment bypassing giving rise to non-cyclicity in the sequence.
Smruti Rekha Sahoo
IIT Kharagpur, India
Title: Paleocurrents and paleohydraulics of proterozoic kolhans vis-a vis proterozoic crustal dynamics: A case study from the chaibasa-noamundi basin, Jharkhand, India
Time : 11:50-12:10
Biography:
Smruti Rekha Sahoo has completed her M. Tech in Geological Remote Sensing from Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, India, and is pursuing her Ph.d at IIT Kharagpur under the supervision of Prof.Subhasish Das, in the Department of Geology and Geophysics. Her research interests are Sedimentology and Basin Tectonics. Currently she is working on Proterozoic sedimentation in Kolhan basin, Jharkhand, Eastern India. She has published eight Research papers in reputed journals, book chapters and conferences along with her supervisor.
Abstract:
Detailed paleocurrent and paleohydraulic analysis of fluvio-deltaic Proterozoic Kohan siliclastic unit provides insight into the nature of fan-delta deposition and allows reconstruction of paleogeographic and paleoclimatic conditions within an intracratonic basin. The fan-delta exhibits a complex stratigraphic architecture of fluvio-deltaic lithofacies (15-20 m thick) regionally extensive and deposited during a basinal subsidence that temporarily interrupted coarse grained fluvial-deltaic deposition. The azimuth reading of cross bed and preferred grain orientation of different lithofacies indicate at least two major paleo-flow systems - north-westerly and north-easterly directions. An expansion of braided channels may be present which result in the formation of multilateral and multistoried sandstone bodies. As channels become poorly defined, unchannelized sheet floods also become a dominant process on the distal part of the fan surface producing flat to low-angle planar and tabular cross-stratified sandstones. Local presence of tide and storm generated features are indicative of superimposition of retrograding shore-line features on earlier prograding alluvial fan-sandflat complex. The fluvio-deltaic Proterozoic sedimentation followed emplacement of basic dykes indicating thermal rejuvenation of the continental crust. The allochthonus Iron Ore Group fold belt in western Kolhan basin point to craton margin crustal convergences which punctuated the Paleoproterozoic sedimentation. Partial development of carbonate bearing sequences in the Kolhan successions point to peneplanation of the cratons and stable platformal sedimentation.
Kasturi Bhattacharyya
Indian Institute of Technology, India
Title: Sandstone petrology and geochemistry of the kolhan basin, eastern india: Implications for basin tectonics
Time : 12:10-12:30
Biography:
Kasturi Bhattacharyya has completed her Masters of Science from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, with Institute Silver Medal for being the best student in MSc Geological Sciences batch. She also has one year of work experience with British Gas. Currently, she is pursuing PhD under the supervision of Prof. Subhasish Das at Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.
Abstract:
The 2.2-2.1 Ga pear shaped Kolhan basin show the development of a time transgressive group in a passive rift setting caused due to the fragmentation of the Rodinia supercontinent. The Kolhans while showing variability in the thickening/thinning of the quartzo-feldspathic, quartzolithic, and quartzose sandstones have also shown a similarity in compositional and dispersal characteristics to both underlying and overlying strata, a phenomenon termed here congruence. A combined petrologic and geochemical analysis of sandstone suites (congruence suite) can be used to track changes in the sediment supply from adjacent areas if a long-term record of the basin fill is available the source signal is preserved by "proximal" depositional conditions and diagenetic alteration of sediments is limited. Provenance-derived variations in sandstone compositions are therefore a key in unraveling regional tectonic histories. The basin axis controlled the progradation direction which was likely driven by climatically induced sediment influx, a eustatic fall, or both. In the case of the incongruent shift, increased sediment supply permitted the rivers to cross the basinal deep. The temporal association of the Kolhans with tectonic structures in the belt indicates that syntectonic thrust uplift, not isostatic uplift or climate, caused the influx of quartz. The Kolhans display increasing textural and mineralogical maturity from base to top of its lithological succession. Continued regression and peneplanation heralded the deposition of supermature sandstone in the uppermost horizons of the Kolhans.
Sathish L A
Government Science College, India
Title: Dose rate measurement in different granite samples of Bangalore Metropolitan, India
Time : 12:30-12:45
Biography:
Sathish L A obtained his Ph.D. degree in Physics during 2004 from University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka. He has over 19 - years of teaching and 16 - years of research experience. He is working in the field of Indoor radon for more than one and a half decade. He carried out several sponsored major research projects and published 42 - research articles in journals of good repute and presented 98 research articles at various national and international conferences. He authored for several text books in Physics. He visited Columbus, USA and University of Mauritius, Mauritius and delivered invited talks. He is serving as Joint Secretary, Nuclear Track Society of India and potential reviewer for several international journals.
Abstract:
The network of dose estimation from different from various scientific agencies in India clearly reflects the prime importance of monitoring of radioactive materials and exposure to the gamma radiation. The study envisages the environmental protection and early detection of catastrophe. From the natural risk point of view, it is necessary to know the dose limits of public exposure and to monitor the natural environmental radiations at ground, in air and water for the estimation of the exposure from the natural radiation sources. Reported values for effective gamma dose rate for the Bangalore environment varied in the range 90-260 nSvh-1 with mean 163.01 nSvh-1. As the observed dose rates are at alarming level, an attempt has been made to measure the effective dose rates in dwellings due to the usage of granite as building material; using GM-tube based RDS-31 RADOS to study the health effects on human beings. Several granite samples viz., Granite (white), Granite porphyry, Syenite porphyry, Granite pink polished, Diorite porphyry, Felsites porphyry, Granite coarse grained, Granite (green), Felsites green compact, Gneiss, Felsites, Bronzite peridotite and Dolerite coarse grained that were used as building construction materials in and around Bangalore Metropolitan, India. The study was made for three years and the measured dose rates in the analyzed granite samples varied from 152.8±7.6 to 225.8±11.2 nSvh-1. Higher dose rates were observed in Granite (white) and lower in Dolerite coarse grained flooring dwellings irrespective of seasons, months of the calendar year, and different features of dwellings such as volume, floorings type and wall type. The results are discussed in detail.
Mohamed Hereher
The University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
Title: Synoptic Perception of Environmental Geohazards in Hail Region, Saudi Arabia
Biography:
Mohamed Hereher is currently working as an Associate Professor of Environmental Geology, Damietta University, Egypt - The University of Hail. His research interests include Remote Sensing, Coastal Geomorphology and Climate Change
Abstract:
Hail region in Saudi Arabia is exposed to some different geohazards related to the inherent physiographic nature of this inland desert. Geohazards include sand drift; flash flooding; rock fall and mass wasting; problem soils; and potential hazards from intra-plate volcanic activities. Satellite data and field verification were used to diagnose and quantify the severity of these geohazards. The City of Hail and its vicinity are vulnerable to most of the aforementioned geohazards. The northern part of Hail region suffers from dune encroachment upon settlements and roads. The southern and eastern sides are prone to lava flowing from current-day dormant volcanoes. Hail region is witnessing an accelerated urban development, however, some infrastructure have been constructed in highly vulnerable locations. Development plans should consider potential geohazards when implementing urbanization and extension of public services.
T P Srinivasan
Bhavans New Science College, India
Title: [P-T-fo2] relations in Fayalite(+Quartz) assemblage in Gokanakonda Syenite, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Biography:
T P Srinivasan is currently working as a Professor in Geology in Osmania University, India. He has done his Master’s Degree in Geology from Osmania University with specialization in Geochemistry in the year 1979 and got his Doctorate in the year 1983, under the able guidance of Prof. C. Leelanandan, an emeritus professor in Osmania University and a true pioneer in Geochemistry, Petrology and Alkaline rock geochemistry. His research topic is “Alkaline Magmatism of Cuddapah Basin – A.P., Indiaâ€.He has eighteen papers to his credit both in national and international journals. He has participated in International Conferences held in Canberra, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth in Australia in September, 1991. His views and contributions on various topics had then earned the appreciation from many a leading scientist who were also presenting at the time. He got invitation from various universities in U.K. to carry out DST – EC Research Programme. With 33 years of teaching experience both at university and at the current institution as a visiting professor, He has the merit faculties to teach all the branches of Geology both at undergraduate and postgraduate level. He has organized a two day National Seminar on Emerging Trends in Geosciences in March, 2014 and Participated in Work Shop on Geo- scientific Writing in Osmania University.
Abstract:
The two magmatic episodes of the Settupalle complex constitute sub-alkaline and alkaline rocks. The earlier sub-alkaline magmatic episode involves intrusion of gabbro-fayalite-clinopyroxene (FC-) syenit-fayalite-quartz (FQ-) syenite, in that order. The fayalite-bearing syenite rock assemblages have earlier been reported and disc used from other parts of eastern and southern Peninsular India, as at Sivamalai in Tamil Nadu and Errakonda in Andhra Pradesh, India. Microprobe analysis of fayalite syenites reveals that the olivine composition ranges from Fa and the petrochemistry suggests that they are successive in that order. The assemblage (fayalite+magnetite+quartz) in these syenites suggests a pressure of 11.5 kb and temperature of 900°C under constant fo. The present contribution focuses attention on the mineral chemistry and genesis of the Gokanakonda fayalite-bearing syenites, bearing recorded for the first time in India though they have been reported from different parts of the world.