International Conference on Geology June 22-23, 2015 Florida, USA

Adilkhan Baibatsha is a Professor in Kazakh National Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev, Republic of Kazakhstan. His main research fields are Mineral deposits, Earth dynamics, the mineralogical studies, the problem of developing the theoretical, methodological provisions of assessment, forecasting of natural, anthropogenic factors and geo-environmental condition of mining. His Research results went into the regulations for the design of mine workings, technological regulations on management and safety of mining operations in underground mines. He is the author of more than 450 scientific publications including 36 monographs, textbooks.

In the Paleozoic Kazakhstan was a separate continent and consisted of three concentric rings of bounded geometry sutures. The rings under the active influence of mantle plume made vertical movement and their axes made horizontal movement. The development of variously oriented lineaments led to the formation of clumpy-block structure. The modern structure of Kazakhstan was formed during the interaction with Europe, Siberia and southern continents during the Paleozoic-Cenozoic. The end of the century was marked by a dramatic breakthrough in understanding of the deep Earth's interior based on well-designed studies including the subsurface geophysical studies, ultra-deep continental and oceanic drilling as well as instrumental studies at the Earth's surface and from the space. New data on the deep structure of the crust and upper mantle of continents form complex studies of the international system geo-traverses were collected. Some of them have been laid through the territory of Kazakhstan. On their basis, the models of the lithosphere to a depth of 100-200 km in the Republic were established which revealed non-uniform-block structure of the upper mantle. At a depth of about 200 km, the mantle electrical resistance is dramatically reduced which presumably is linked with the rise of the roof of the asthenospheric layer. The structures of the crust in some cases are continuing in the upper mantle. Asthenosphere in the geo-suture areas rise to the level of 80-100 km and asthenolith penetrate above the Moho in the crust.

Dr. Goh Thian Lai has completed his PhD at the age of 41 years from National University of Malaysia. He is the editor of Sains Malaysiana journal. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.

Geomechanical strength of rock materials plays a significant role in influencing the stability of both cut rock slopes and underground openings. The characteristics of mechanical strength are subjected to both material strength and condition of weathering. This paper presents the results of a systematic research to quantify the mechanical characteristics of fresh as well as slightly weathered granites of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 298 geomechanical strength tests were conducted for fresh as well as slightly weathered rock material employing the uniaxial compressive strength test and Brazilan tensile strength test. Statistical analysis of the results at 95 percent confidence level exhibited that the means of compressive strength for fresh and slightly weathered granites were 113.67.0 MPa and 68.93.6 MPa. The respective mean values of tensile strength for fresh and slightly weathered granites were 8.80.4 MPa and 5.30.1 MPa. The results revealed that the geomechanical strengths of fresh rock material deteriorated by approximately 1/3 upon weathering of rock material reduce to slightly weathered rock materials. The results also exhibited that the Brazilan tensile strength for fresh and slightly weathered granites is approximately 1/13 of uniaxial compressive strength.

M Irwan Pernando Napitupulu is a geological engineering student of Padjadjaran University, Indonesia. He is a member of SM-IAGI and was a leader of several organizations. He was a delegation of Padjadjaran University for several competitions organized in national and international level. He has several publications and currently pursuing his degree from Padjadjaran University.

‘Orange’ field is a producing oil field lies in North West Java Basin. This basin is dominated by North–South trend normal fault which is very active during basin development in Oligo-Miocene, formed plateau and graben with North-South trend. Stratigraphy comprises of Jatibarang, Talang Akar, Cibulakan (Massive, Mid Main, Main Carbonate), Pre Parigi, Parigi and Cisubuh Formation. The focus of this paper is located on Miocene Mid Main Carbonate Cibulakan Formation that deposited in Post-rifting stage. 3 wells, core log and petrographic thin section are used in this research. The focus of this research is Miocene Mid Main Carbonate Limestone Diagenesis by using Secondary Porosity Index (SPI) method. From Gamma Ray pattern, core and petrographic thin section we can conclude that MMC interval is dominated by mudstone-wackestone. MMC Limestone may have affected by dissolution so it has secondary porosity that reflect its diagenetic processes. This research can prove that 2 similar facies in different interval could have the different porosity. It proved in well-01, wackestone in 1220 m depth has better porosity compared to wackestone in 1210 m depth. Conventional method in porosity equation is by using Neutron log and Density log. Diagenesis study with Secondary Porosity Index (SPI) equation = Ødensity–Øsonic was a new interesting method. Ødensity will define the whole rock density while Øsonic can define the primary porosity, so the difference value among them will reflect the Secondary Porosity. Diagenetic level and diversity of MMC carbonate will be known and very helpful for the field development.

Aidi huo has completed his PhD from College of Environment and Resource, Northwest A & F University in 2008, and he is working in his postdoctoral studies from Chang’an University school of Environmental & Engineering. His main research interests are hydrogeology, water resource, groundwater flow, contaminant transport modeling and field methods (aquifer tests and streambed tests). He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals. He had been given the Chinese State Scholarship Fund Award by the China Scholarship Council (CSC) and he is working as an academic visitor in the School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

Aquifer energy utilization has become a new technology with injection and production wells technological development, accurately predicting the effective use of heat energy storage is of great significance. A new concept of flow transfixion is suggested by analyzing the general features of the aquifer. The interaction between flow transfixion and heat transfixion, and its significance to practical engineering are also analyzed. A couple of numerical models of groundwater flow and heat transferring are established based on the basics of water-heat transferring in the aquifer. The numerical analysis of the flow and temperature fields for one Injection and Production Wells System (IPWS) in Xianyang City shows that the formation of flow transfixion is hydraulic gradient; namely, it can be judged quantitatively by whether the flow transfixion takes place or not according to hydraulic gradient. The effect of the injecting and pumping rate (Q) to the flow transfixion shows that the shorter time of flow transfixion, the greater the value of Q, it is easier for flow transfixion to occur, and then lead to the occurrence of thermal breakthrough. When running 120 d, to prevent the thermal breakthrough in Production wells, the reasonable well spacing is 180 m - 200 m. Optimal well spacing is 180 meters.

Hendra Pachri is a Ph.D. student in Kyushu University, Japan. In Kyushu University, his research has concern to environmental geotechnology, such as related Geo-Disaster. His completed his Undergraduate studies in Geology at Hasanuddin University, Indonesia.

This paper deals with slope failure hazards and risk analysis of Sangun Mountains, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing data. Slope failure locations in the study area were identified from interpretations of aerial photographs and field surveys. Topographical/geological data and airbone laser survey data (LiDAR data) were provided by local government in Japan. There are seven hundred slope failures inducing parameters which are considered for slope failure hazard analysis. These parameters are topographic slope, aspect, curvature and distance from drainage, all derived from the topographic database; geology and distance from lineament, derived from the geologic database; landuse from Landsat satellite images; soil from the remote sensing data and field investigation; Slope failure susceptibility was analyzed using slope failure-occurrence factors employing the probability–frequency ratio model. The results of the analysis were verified using the slope failure location data and compared with the probabilistic model. The accuracy observed will be analyzed. The qualitative slope failure hazard analysis was carried out using the frequency ratio model through the map overlay analysis in GIS environment. The accuracy of hazard map is important. Further, risk analysis will conduct by studying the slope failure hazard map and damageable objects at risk. This result could be used to estimate the risk to human activity, property and existing water management problem in catchment scale.

Ahmed Mohamed Muftah Born in 1959, Libya, He is a graduate of Benghazi University 1981. He joined Arabian Gulf Oil Company for 20 years, from which comprehensive experience in the oil exploration has been gained (i.e. wellsite geologist and foraminiferal Biostratigrapher). He completed his Master’s education 1991 on Micropaleontology from University College London. He is currently working with University of Benghazi (Previously Garyounis) as assistant Professor on Micropaleontology and Historical Geology. He is nominated by the department to the Libyan coordinator of the East Libya Neogene Research Project (ELNRP) with the International Institute for Human Evolutionary Research, Integrative Centers for Science and Medicine. He is also engage with the Libyan team of Cyrenaica Karst Project with the Italian team of Centro Ibleo di Ricerche Speleo-Idrogeologiche (C.I.R.S).

As Sahabi areas is one of famous vertebrate African localities situated in northern Africa, at the northern Sirt Basin of Libya. Its scientific value is due to the diverse and high abundance of vertebrate fossil remains. Hence, the dating of the exposed vertebrate-bearing member "U1" of Sahabi Formation in As Sahabi area using micro/macro invertebrates is the primary objective of this work. The data base is quite large including eight profiles and two subsurface shallow drilled wells from As Sahabi. Stratigraphically, the Late Neogene rock units of As Sahabi area are well differentiated and correlated by means of both biofacies and lithofacies changes as much as possible. The youngest 'Quaternary' rock unit (Formation "Z") is raised herein to be Formation rather than Member on the basis of the newly recognized unconformity. Whereas, the mineralogical and geochemical analyses are applied to the non-fossiliferous clayey intercalations in Sahabi Formation searching for any datable minerals or microfossil to solve the age enigma of Sahabi Formation, also implemented to understand the source area of the Sahabi clays. The mineralogical and geochemical study of clayey sediments from the vertebrate fossiliferous member of the As Sahabi Formation, using XRD and XRF analyses proved a continental origin from Neogene mega-Lake Chad. Paleontologically, several species have been described and illustrated for the first time from five macrofossils phyla (echinodermata, mollusca, corals, bryozoa and arthropoda) have been described in more detail to a speciation level in As Sahabi area particularly from formation “M”. Thirty-five foraminiferal species have been documented from As Sahabi area during this study, mostly from the Pre-Sahabi formation "M"; from which two assemblage biozones are established. Whilst, Sahabi Formation itself yields mainly shallower foraminiferal elements, with very low diversity and bad state of preservation. Seventeen ostracodes species from the pre-Sahabi rock unit (i.e. formation "M") in As Sahabi area have been identified. In addition to that the Pre-Sahabi formation "M" from the subsurface data yielded diagnostic calcareous nannofossils, on which the dating is based. Integrated age of Late Tortonian age is assigned to The Pre-Sahabi Formation "M" based on the above-mentioned tools. Meanwhile the Sahabi Formation, Member "T" which is shallow marine deposits is dated as (post-Tortonian - ? Messinian); meanwhile the terrestrial- marginal marine deposits (Member U1, UD, U2 and V) are of Messinian or younger, base on Foraminiferal contents. Formation "Z" is of Quaternary age.