Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Dmitry A Kukushkin
Researchers in Geology, LLC, USA
Keynote: Lineament field distortion and its analysis
Time : 10:35-11:05
Biography:
Dmitry Kukushkin is the Cofounder of Researchers in Geology, LLC (FL, USA). He was was born in 1947 in Moscow, USSR (now Russia). He studied in Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute from 1965 to 1970. In 1971 he began working in the field of geological research and prospecting, mostly in Siberia and Africa. Dr. Kukushkin was awarded his Ph. D. in geology in 1986. He has extensive experience in mapping and prospecting for oil, gas, metals (including gold), including the use of aerial and satellite images. Dr. Kukushkin developed a new method for analyzing aerial and satellite images that allows locating sites with a high potential for the presence of oil, gas, and/or metals. His method also helps to reduce expenses for drilling and accelerate the development of sites.
Abstract:
Rectilinear details of landscape – lineaments – are the most numerous elements detectable on aerial and space photos of Earth's surface. Linea¬ments form a complex web on delineation maps of aerial and space photos. Photogeologists consider lineaments to be the traces of interaction of fractures or faults of Earth’s crust with the surface, having direct and indirect relationships with geological structures. Lineament field is the surface manifestation of fields of tension, stress and deformation of rocks. General lineament field is the result of superimposition of multiple lineament fields of various scales, such as planetary, regional, and local. The causes of planetary fields of tensions, brittle disloca¬tions and lineament fields are rotational and tide tensions in the Earth's crust. Within regional geological structures regional fields of stress and tensions dominate, creating regional field of brittle dislocations and regional lineament field, which is one of the manifestations of regional stresses and tensions. Local geological structures, containing mineral deposits, are characterized by fields of stress and tension, brittle dislocations, and lineaments, superimposition and interaction of lineament fields of different types and scales in Earth’s crust and in time for general lineament field where its com¬ponents affect and distort each other. Therefore traditional methods, such as the lineaments density analysis and rose-diagrams drawing are unsuccessful in geological practice. Using physical modeling and mathematical filtration, we have developed a method that allows separation of lineament fields of different scales and nature. This method has been successfully tested on different scales in Siberia and Africa on the total area of more than 650000 km2 (250000 sq. miles).
Keynote Forum
Bill X Hu
Florida State University, USA
Keynote: Numerical study on groundwater flow cycling in the Woodville Karst Plain controlled by seawater intrusion to a Karst aquifer through a conduit network using CFPv2
Time : 10:00-10:35
Biography:
Bill X Hu is the Professor of the department of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Science at Florida State University. He is also the Adjunct Faculty Member of the Department of Geosciences at Nanjing University He has done his Ph.D. from Purdue University in the year of 1996. He has more than 45 publications in many Journals.
Abstract:
Groundwater flow cycling in the Spring Creek spingshed and interaction between groundwater and seawater in the spring sub ground conduit is numerically simulated using the CFPv2, the latest research version of MODFLOW-CFP (Conduit Flow Process). Spring Creek Springs and Wakulla Spring located in a marine estuary and 11 miles inland respectively are two major groundwater discharge spots in theWoodville Karst Plain (WKP), North Florida, USA. A conceptual model for three repeating phases of groundwater flow cycle between the two springs and recharge from a major surface creek (Lost Creek) was proposed from a low rainfall period to a heavy rainfall period then back to a low rainfall period. Tracer tests and cave diving found a complex sub ground Karst conduit network connect the two springs. The flow rate, salinity and sea level at the Spring Creek Springs could significantly affect freshwater discharge and water stage at Wakulla Spring simultaneously. Based on the conceptual model, the groundwater flow model is developed using CFPv2 and calibrated by field measurements. Non-laminar flow, direct recharges in conduits, time-variable water stage at the submarine spring and flow exchange between conduits and porous medium are implemented in the numerical model. The developed numerical model is used to simulate the seawater intrusionand fresh groundwater contamination through the submarine spring’s conduit and its influence onthe inland spring discharge from June 2007 to June 2010. Simulated results of two spring’s discharges match reasonably well with measurements and quantitatively present the three-phase groundwater flow cycling. The regional flow field and relationship between inland spring and submarine spring are studied and evaluated as well in a prediction of sea level rise.
- Track 11: Structural Geology and Tectonics
- Track 7: Sedimentology and Costal Process
Session Introduction
Khalid A Almalki
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
Title: Role of climate on sediment deposition: A study of Cambrian-Ordovician, Tasmania, Australia
Time : 10:00-10:25
Biography:
Khalid A Almalki has completed his PhD at the age of 34 years from Monash University, School of Geosciences. He is the Director of Numerical Modeling Unit at King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST).
Abstract:
Late Cambrian–Ordovician sequences in Tasmania represent an excellent analogue for understanding the climatic controls over processes active during deposition of sediments. The paper presents and discusses the role of palaeogeography, and climatic conditions on the depositional processes and styles in a broad range of depositional settings including alluvial fans, braided fluvial, intertidal and shallow marine environments. This research was undertaken using conventional sedimentary facies analysis technique, in which several lithofacies were identified and facies associations were analysed to evaluate depositional processes and environments. Although the exact position of Tasmania in the Late Cambrian remains debatable, broad palaeogeographical reconstructions indicate that it was located on the eastern margin of the Gondwana landmass, and situated north of the palaeoequator. The Late Cambrian palaeoclimate reconstruction is complicated due to large uncertainties regarding atmospheric composition, palaeogeography, and terrestrial conditions, but it can be inferred that in the Late Cambrian through much of the Ordovician the climate was tropical with warm sea waters and was influenced by an extended greenhouse period, with rising and considerably high sea level throughout the Palaeozoic Era. Five broad facies associations have been identified, these include alluvial fans, braided fluvial, intertidal, shallow marine and sheet flows. There is a strong influence of palaeoclimate on the depositional processes and resulting stratigraphic build-ups. The depositional styles of similar aged sediments studied globally, are markedly different from their present day depositional analogues, mainly due to unique parameters controlling the overall depositional style, such as climate, vegetation state and global sea level conditions.
S M Ramasamy
Bharathidasan University, India
Title: Pattern and behavior of rivers and the late quaternary crustal movements of South India
Time : 10:25-10:50
Biography:
S M Ramasamy, a field Geologist (GSI, 15 years) turned into an Academician served as a Founder Professor & Director, Centre for Remote Sensing, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, India for over 25 years. Besides establishing the major Centre, he developed innovative Academic Programmes in Geomatics and Geology, guided large number of students, carried out over 30 major funded projects budgeting to INR 1200 lakhs, published over 250 scientific papers, 11 books/edited volumes etc. He has been conferred a number of awards and now is a member and chair of a number of scientific bodies in India and abroad including Chair, ISPRS WG VIII/5.
Abstract:
As the NNW – SSE orographic axis of the Western Ghats lies close to the western margin of the southern part of the Indian Peninsular, providing narrow steep slope to the west and wider shallow slope to the east, the westerlyflowing Western Ghats originatedriversgush into the Arabian Sea, whereas the easterly flowing Bay of Bengal bound rivers display stabilized flow and well developed life histories. Such easterly flowing rivers of Tamil Nadu from north to south namely the Palar, Ponnaiyar, Cauvery, Vaigai, Tamiraparani etc were studied for their pattern and flow behavior using satellite remote sensing,C14 dating, archaeology, epigraphy, and evidences from Tamil literature. The study revealed the phenomenal migration and varied anomalies of these rivers and the related crustal movements in parts of South India. The major river Cauvery which flowed easterly from the Western Ghats upto Hogenakkal seems to have branched off into three major palaeo courses; (i) the palaeo course system – 1 (PCS - 1) along Hogenakkal – Chennai with north easterly flow in the north, (ii) the PCS – 2 in east – south easterly direction along present day Ponnaiyar path meeting the sea in Cuddalore in the Centre and (iii) PCS – 3 with abrupt southerly and easterly flow between Hogenakkal and Tiruchirappalli in the south. In Tiruchirappalli, it branches off as a wide palaeo distributary system from the present day Pudukkottai Vellar River in the south to the Coleroon River in the north. The analyses of these in conjunction with other drainage anomalies, tectonic features and the above age dating tools showed that the river Cauvery flowed in Hogenakkal – Chennai tract during 500,000 – 3000 YBP (Years Before Present) and migrated southerly to PCS - 2 due to E-W cymatogenic arching along Mangalore-Chennai. Similarly, the Cauvery riverseems to have flowed along PCS – 2 during 2700 – 2300 YBP and migrated further southerly to PCS – 3 due to frequent storm surges in Cuddalore confluencing point, the opening up of the faults in Hogenakkal – Erode region and the phenomenon of river capture by Proto Amaravati flowing along Tiruchirappalli. The Cauvery which flowed along PCS – 3 during 2100 YBP in Pudukkottai Vellar path anticlockwisely migrated and stabilized as Coleroon around 750 YBP due to N-S block faulting in the southern Pudukkottai– Pattukkottai– Mannarkudi area. All the other rivers which currently flow, seems to be Misfit Rivers over the left out traces of Cauvery. These Misfit Rivers too preferentially migrate and show various drainage anomalies. The Vaigai river flowing south of Cauvery shows lobate deltas in three stages indicating E – W cymatogenic arching along Cochin – Madurai – Rameshwaram. The easterly flowing Tamiraparani indicates anE – W grabening. Such life histories of the rivers show the E – W trending alternate cymatogenic arching and deepening and the transverse faults with Sinistral & Dextral geometries indicating the still ongoing northerly directed compressive force which has originally drifted Indian Plate towards north.
Shipra Sinha
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
Title: Application of Markov chain and Entropy function for cyclicity analysis of a Lithostratigraphic Sequence - A case history from the Kolhan basin, Jharkhand, Eastern India
Time : 11:30-11:50
Biography:
Shipra Sinha is a final year master student of the department of Geology and Geophysics at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, enrolled in its 5yr Integrated M.Sc course in Applied Geology. She is a recipient of MITACS Globalink International Research Internship Fellowship in 2014 for the summer internship in Canada. She was selected for Summer Research Fellowship Program in 2013 by Indian Academy of Science (IAS), India. She has successfully completed her M.Sc dissertation under the supervision of Prof. S das, Geology and Geophysics, IIT Kharagpur.
Abstract:
Lithofacies succession in Chaibasa-Naomundi Basin of the Proterozoic Kolhan Group, Jharakhand has been studied statistically using modified Markov chain model and entropy function. The lithofacies analysis based on the field descriptions, petrographic investigation and their vertical packaging has been done for assessing the sediment depositional framework and the environment of deposition. Six lithofacies arranged in two genetic sequences have been recognized within the succession. The result of Markov chain analysis indicates that the deposition of the lithofacies is Non-Markovian process and represents asymmetric fining-upward non-cyclicity. The chi-square test has been done to test of randomness in hypotheses for lithofacies transition at confidence level of 95%. The entropy analysis has been done to evaluate the randomness of occurrence of lithofacies in a succession. Two types of entropies are related to every state; one is relevant to the Markov matrix expressing the upward transitions (entropy after deposition) and the other relevant to the matrix expressing the downward transitions (entropy before deposition). The energy regime calculated from the entropy analysis showing maximum randomness suggests that deposition is by quick rapid flow which gradually changes to slow flow by changing the depositional pattern from deltaic sandstone to lacustrine shale deposit as a result of sediment bypassing giving rise to non-cyclicity in the sequence.
Smruti Rekha Sahoo
IIT Kharagpur, India
Title: Paleocurrents and paleohydraulics of proterozoic kolhans vis-a vis proterozoic crustal dynamics: A case study from the chaibasa-noamundi basin, Jharkhand, India
Time : 11:50-12:10
Biography:
Smruti Rekha Sahoo has completed her M. Tech in Geological Remote Sensing from Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, India, and is pursuing her Ph.d at IIT Kharagpur under the supervision of Prof.Subhasish Das, in the Department of Geology and Geophysics. Her research interests are Sedimentology and Basin Tectonics. Currently she is working on Proterozoic sedimentation in Kolhan basin, Jharkhand, Eastern India. She has published eight Research papers in reputed journals, book chapters and conferences along with her supervisor.
Abstract:
Detailed paleocurrent and paleohydraulic analysis of fluvio-deltaic Proterozoic Kohan siliclastic unit provides insight into the nature of fan-delta deposition and allows reconstruction of paleogeographic and paleoclimatic conditions within an intracratonic basin. The fan-delta exhibits a complex stratigraphic architecture of fluvio-deltaic lithofacies (15-20 m thick) regionally extensive and deposited during a basinal subsidence that temporarily interrupted coarse grained fluvial-deltaic deposition. The azimuth reading of cross bed and preferred grain orientation of different lithofacies indicate at least two major paleo-flow systems - north-westerly and north-easterly directions. An expansion of braided channels may be present which result in the formation of multilateral and multistoried sandstone bodies. As channels become poorly defined, unchannelized sheet floods also become a dominant process on the distal part of the fan surface producing flat to low-angle planar and tabular cross-stratified sandstones. Local presence of tide and storm generated features are indicative of superimposition of retrograding shore-line features on earlier prograding alluvial fan-sandflat complex. The fluvio-deltaic Proterozoic sedimentation followed emplacement of basic dykes indicating thermal rejuvenation of the continental crust. The allochthonus Iron Ore Group fold belt in western Kolhan basin point to craton margin crustal convergences which punctuated the Paleoproterozoic sedimentation. Partial development of carbonate bearing sequences in the Kolhan successions point to peneplanation of the cratons and stable platformal sedimentation.
Kasturi Bhattacharyya
Indian Institute of Technology, India
Title: Sandstone petrology and geochemistry of the kolhan basin, eastern india: Implications for basin tectonics
Time : 12:10-12:30
Biography:
Kasturi Bhattacharyya has completed her Masters of Science from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, with Institute Silver Medal for being the best student in MSc Geological Sciences batch. She also has one year of work experience with British Gas. Currently, she is pursuing PhD under the supervision of Prof. Subhasish Das at Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.
Abstract:
The 2.2-2.1 Ga pear shaped Kolhan basin show the development of a time transgressive group in a passive rift setting caused due to the fragmentation of the Rodinia supercontinent. The Kolhans while showing variability in the thickening/thinning of the quartzo-feldspathic, quartzolithic, and quartzose sandstones have also shown a similarity in compositional and dispersal characteristics to both underlying and overlying strata, a phenomenon termed here congruence. A combined petrologic and geochemical analysis of sandstone suites (congruence suite) can be used to track changes in the sediment supply from adjacent areas if a long-term record of the basin fill is available the source signal is preserved by "proximal" depositional conditions and diagenetic alteration of sediments is limited. Provenance-derived variations in sandstone compositions are therefore a key in unraveling regional tectonic histories. The basin axis controlled the progradation direction which was likely driven by climatically induced sediment influx, a eustatic fall, or both. In the case of the incongruent shift, increased sediment supply permitted the rivers to cross the basinal deep. The temporal association of the Kolhans with tectonic structures in the belt indicates that syntectonic thrust uplift, not isostatic uplift or climate, caused the influx of quartz. The Kolhans display increasing textural and mineralogical maturity from base to top of its lithological succession. Continued regression and peneplanation heralded the deposition of supermature sandstone in the uppermost horizons of the Kolhans.
Sathish L A
Government Science College, India
Title: Dose rate measurement in different granite samples of Bangalore Metropolitan, India
Time : 12:30-12:45
Biography:
Sathish L A obtained his Ph.D. degree in Physics during 2004 from University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka. He has over 19 - years of teaching and 16 - years of research experience. He is working in the field of Indoor radon for more than one and a half decade. He carried out several sponsored major research projects and published 42 - research articles in journals of good repute and presented 98 research articles at various national and international conferences. He authored for several text books in Physics. He visited Columbus, USA and University of Mauritius, Mauritius and delivered invited talks. He is serving as Joint Secretary, Nuclear Track Society of India and potential reviewer for several international journals.
Abstract:
The network of dose estimation from different from various scientific agencies in India clearly reflects the prime importance of monitoring of radioactive materials and exposure to the gamma radiation. The study envisages the environmental protection and early detection of catastrophe. From the natural risk point of view, it is necessary to know the dose limits of public exposure and to monitor the natural environmental radiations at ground, in air and water for the estimation of the exposure from the natural radiation sources. Reported values for effective gamma dose rate for the Bangalore environment varied in the range 90-260 nSvh-1 with mean 163.01 nSvh-1. As the observed dose rates are at alarming level, an attempt has been made to measure the effective dose rates in dwellings due to the usage of granite as building material; using GM-tube based RDS-31 RADOS to study the health effects on human beings. Several granite samples viz., Granite (white), Granite porphyry, Syenite porphyry, Granite pink polished, Diorite porphyry, Felsites porphyry, Granite coarse grained, Granite (green), Felsites green compact, Gneiss, Felsites, Bronzite peridotite and Dolerite coarse grained that were used as building construction materials in and around Bangalore Metropolitan, India. The study was made for three years and the measured dose rates in the analyzed granite samples varied from 152.8±7.6 to 225.8±11.2 nSvh-1. Higher dose rates were observed in Granite (white) and lower in Dolerite coarse grained flooring dwellings irrespective of seasons, months of the calendar year, and different features of dwellings such as volume, floorings type and wall type. The results are discussed in detail.
Mohamed Hereher
The University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
Title: Synoptic Perception of Environmental Geohazards in Hail Region, Saudi Arabia
Biography:
Mohamed Hereher is currently working as an Associate Professor of Environmental Geology, Damietta University, Egypt - The University of Hail. His research interests include Remote Sensing, Coastal Geomorphology and Climate Change
Abstract:
Hail region in Saudi Arabia is exposed to some different geohazards related to the inherent physiographic nature of this inland desert. Geohazards include sand drift; flash flooding; rock fall and mass wasting; problem soils; and potential hazards from intra-plate volcanic activities. Satellite data and field verification were used to diagnose and quantify the severity of these geohazards. The City of Hail and its vicinity are vulnerable to most of the aforementioned geohazards. The northern part of Hail region suffers from dune encroachment upon settlements and roads. The southern and eastern sides are prone to lava flowing from current-day dormant volcanoes. Hail region is witnessing an accelerated urban development, however, some infrastructure have been constructed in highly vulnerable locations. Development plans should consider potential geohazards when implementing urbanization and extension of public services.
T P Srinivasan
Bhavans New Science College, India
Title: [P-T-fo2] relations in Fayalite(+Quartz) assemblage in Gokanakonda Syenite, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Biography:
T P Srinivasan is currently working as a Professor in Geology in Osmania University, India. He has done his Master’s Degree in Geology from Osmania University with specialization in Geochemistry in the year 1979 and got his Doctorate in the year 1983, under the able guidance of Prof. C. Leelanandan, an emeritus professor in Osmania University and a true pioneer in Geochemistry, Petrology and Alkaline rock geochemistry. His research topic is “Alkaline Magmatism of Cuddapah Basin – A.P., Indiaâ€.He has eighteen papers to his credit both in national and international journals. He has participated in International Conferences held in Canberra, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth in Australia in September, 1991. His views and contributions on various topics had then earned the appreciation from many a leading scientist who were also presenting at the time. He got invitation from various universities in U.K. to carry out DST – EC Research Programme. With 33 years of teaching experience both at university and at the current institution as a visiting professor, He has the merit faculties to teach all the branches of Geology both at undergraduate and postgraduate level. He has organized a two day National Seminar on Emerging Trends in Geosciences in March, 2014 and Participated in Work Shop on Geo- scientific Writing in Osmania University.
Abstract:
The two magmatic episodes of the Settupalle complex constitute sub-alkaline and alkaline rocks. The earlier sub-alkaline magmatic episode involves intrusion of gabbro-fayalite-clinopyroxene (FC-) syenit-fayalite-quartz (FQ-) syenite, in that order. The fayalite-bearing syenite rock assemblages have earlier been reported and disc used from other parts of eastern and southern Peninsular India, as at Sivamalai in Tamil Nadu and Errakonda in Andhra Pradesh, India. Microprobe analysis of fayalite syenites reveals that the olivine composition ranges from Fa and the petrochemistry suggests that they are successive in that order. The assemblage (fayalite+magnetite+quartz) in these syenites suggests a pressure of 11.5 kb and temperature of 900°C under constant fo. The present contribution focuses attention on the mineral chemistry and genesis of the Gokanakonda fayalite-bearing syenites, bearing recorded for the first time in India though they have been reported from different parts of the world.
- Track 1: Geology and Mineral Resources Track 2: Geophysics and Geochemistry Track 3: Environmental Geology Track 9: Exploration Geology Track 10: Paleontology and Paleobiology Track 5: Petroleum Geology
Session Introduction
Dmitry A Kukushkin
Researchers in Geology, LLC, USA
Title: Lineament field distortion and its analysis
Time : 10:35-11:05
Biography:
Dmitry Kukushkin is the Cofounder of Researchers in Geology, LLC (FL, USA). He was was born in 1947 in Moscow, USSR (now Russia). He studied in Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute from 1965 to 1970. In 1971 he began working in the field of geological research and prospecting, mostly in Siberia and Africa. Dr. Kukushkin was awarded his Ph. D. in geology in 1986. He has extensive experience in mapping and prospecting for oil, gas, metals (including gold), including the use of aerial and satellite images. Dr. Kukushkin developed a new method for analyzing aerial and satellite images that allows locating sites with a high potential for the presence of oil, gas, and/or metals. His method also helps to reduce expenses for drilling and accelerate the development of sites.
Abstract:
Rectilinear details of landscape – lineaments – are the most numerous elements detectable on aerial and space photos of Earth's surface. Linea¬ments form a complex web on delineation maps of aerial and space photos. Photogeologists consider lineaments to be the traces of interaction of fractures or faults of Earth’s crust with the surface, having direct and indirect relationships with geological structures. Lineament field is the surface manifestation of fields of tension, stress and deformation of rocks. General lineament field is the result of superimposition of multiple lineament fields of various scales, such as planetary, regional, and local. The causes of planetary fields of tensions, brittle disloca¬tions and lineament fields are rotational and tide tensions in the Earth's crust. Within regional geolo¬gical structures regional fields of stress and tensions dominate, creating regional field of brittle dislocations and regional lineament field, which is one of the manifestations of regional stresses and tensions. Local geological structures, containing mineral deposits, are characterized by fields of stress and tension, brittle dislocations, and lineaments, superimposition and interaction of lineament fields of different types and scales in Earth’s crust and in time for general lineament field where its com¬ponents affect and distort each other. Therefore traditional methods, such as the lineaments density analysis and rose-diagrams drawing are unsuccessful in geological practice. Using physical modeling and mathematical filtration, we have developed a method that allows separation of lineament fields of different scales and nature. This method has been successfully tested on different scales in Siberia and Africa on the total area of more than 650000 km2 (250000 sq. miles).
Bill X Hu
Florida State University, USA
Title: Numerical study on groundwater flow cycling in the Woodville Karst Plain controlled by seawater intrusion to a Karst aquifer through a conduit network using CFPv2
Time : 10:05-10:35
Biography:
Bill X Hu is the Professor of the department of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Science at Florida State University. He is also the Adjunct Faculty Member of the Department of Geosciences at Nanjing University He has done his Ph.D. from Purdue University in the year of 1996. He has more than 45 publications in many Journals.
Abstract:
Groundwater flow cycling in the Spring Creek spingshed and interaction between groundwater and seawater in the spring sub ground conduit is numerically simulated using the CFPv2, the latest research version of MODFLOW-CFP (Conduit Flow Process). Spring Creek Springs and Wakulla Spring located in a marine estuary and 11 miles inland respectively are two major groundwater discharge spots in theWoodville Karst Plain (WKP), North Florida, USA. A conceptual model for three repeating phases of groundwater flow cycle between the two springs and recharge from a major surface creek (Lost Creek) was proposed from a low rainfall period to a heavy rainfall period then back to a low rainfall period. Tracer tests and cave diving found a complex sub ground Karst conduit network connect the two springs. The flow rate, salinity and sea level at the Spring Creek Springs could significantly affect freshwater discharge and water stage at Wakulla Spring simultaneously. Based on the conceptual model, the groundwater flow model is developed using CFPv2 and calibrated by field measurements. Non-laminar flow, direct recharges in conduits, time-variable water stage at the submarine spring and flow exchange between conduits and porous medium are implemented in the numerical model. The developed numerical model is used to simulate the seawater intrusionand fresh groundwater contamination through the submarine spring’s conduit and its influence onthe inland spring discharge from June 2007 to June 2010. Simulated results of two spring’s discharges match reasonably well with measurements and quantitatively present the three-phase groundwater flow cycling. The regional flow field and relationship between inland spring and submarine spring are studied and evaluated as well in a prediction of sea level rise.
Mohamed Ibrahim Dosouky Helal
Cairo University, Egypt
Title: Immobilization of Cd and Pb in polluted soils using nano particles
Time : 11:25-12:05
Biography:
Mohamed Ibrahim Dosouky Helal is the Professor of Soil Chemistry at Cairo University Egypt. He has done his Ph.D. in Soil Science from Cairo University in 1988. He is also the Vice President of National Committee of Soil Sciences. He published 8 articles in international journals as recorded by Scopus data base. He has 1- Membership in Egyptian Soil Science Society since 1984 and with African Soil Science Society since 1988.
Abstract:
Nanotechnology offers a number of highly efficient and less costly techniques that could work to immobilize contaminants. Nano-particles; nano scale zero valent iron “nZVI”, nZVI-bentonite, nanoalginite, and nano carbon; are used as a potential sorbents to immobilize Cd and Pb in polluted soils. These nano-particles are prepared in lab either using top-down or bottom-up methods, then characterized using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The prepared nano-particles proved to have very small size (less than 70 nm), high surface area (194.2-259.7 m2/g) and cation exchange capacity (42.5-47.7Cmolc/kg). Also, the prepared nano-particles proved high adsorption capacity for Pb and Cd, and high retention for the adsorbate metal. The maximum adsorption capacity of nano-particles ranged from 37450-93450 and 17850-25970 mg kg-1 for Pb and Cd, respectively. Moreover, except for nano carbon, only small quantities represent 10.8-33.4% and 13.7-35.6% of the previously adsorbed Cd and Pb, respectively, were released.
Ahmad Helman Hamdani
University of Padjadjaran, Indonesia
Title: Recent advancements in X-ray CT tomography as a geosciences tool for coalbed methane exploration
Time : 12:05-12:30
Biography:
Ahmad Helman Hamdani received his PhD in Geology with the topic of CBM from University Padjadjaran in 2013. He has experience of 20 years in coal and coalbed methane exploration Indonesia. He has also published his research in reputed journals.
Abstract:
The quantification of the volume and spatial disposition of pores, fractures or cleats and minerals in coals is a primary and fundamental requirement for CBM reservoir evaluation. Coal as a CBM reservoir is a complex polymeric material with complex porous structures which are important for flow pathway that determine the permeability and producibility of coalbed methane. The CT scan computed tomography is a non-destructive technique that can provide quantitative detection and visualization of interior structure of rocks in 3D within opaque objects. This paper will inform several applications illustrate the possibilities, specific advantages and limitations of CT for non-destructive coal characterization in describing the fracture and cleat characteristics including fracture-size patterns, network geometries in coal which is very useful in quantified and 3D visualization of the spatial disposition of minerals, pores and fractures in coals. As with every technique there are always some restrictions that can happen, however the CT scan technique proved to be an emerging non-destructive analysis which gives promising results in CBM exploration activities
Mutwakil Nafi
Dongola University, Sudan
Title: The descendants Clarkina of the Eurasian stock (Changhsingian) and the forms of Clarkina wangi at Ganxi, Xiakou and Tianqiao sections, South China
Time : 12:30-12:55
Biography:
Mutwakil Nafi has completed his Msc from University of Khartoum, Sudan and PhD (Petroleum geology- diagenesis) from China University of Geosciences and postdoctoral (Micropaleontology-conodont) studies from China University of Geosciences. He is associate professor at Dongola University, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Mining, Department of petroleum Geology, Sudan. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of European Journal of Scientific Research. He is a Member of SCS (Subcommission on Carboniferous Stratigraphy) and SPS (Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy).
Abstract:
The descendants Clarkina of the Eurasian stock (Changhsingian) are composed of C. changxingensis, C. changxingensis yini, C. deflecta, C. guangyuanensis, C. inflecta, C. iranica, C. liangshanensis, Clarkina longicuspidata, C. meishanensis meishanensis, C. meishanensis, C. orientalis, C. parasubcarinata, C. postwangi, C. prechangxingensis and C. predeflecta, C. preiranica sp. nov., C. subcarinata (Sweet), and C. wangi. One new species of C. preiranica sp. nov. has been recognized. Clarkina preiranica sp. nov. is very important because it is found at the same level with C. wangi. The base of the Changhsingian can be defined within an evolutionary lineage from C. longicuspidata to C. wangi based on a refined taxonomic approach. There are three forms of Clarkina wangi: (1) Those forms characterized by drop-like, with a short and wide platform, usually no free blade, fused carina looks like a high wall and reaching beyond the posterior margin., (2) Those forms characterized by a free blade, platform lenticular in outline, fused carina looks like a high wall and reaching beyond the posterior margin., (3) Those forms with high and highly fused posterior carina, which does not reach beyond the posterior margin. The base of the Changhsingian has been suggested as the first appearance datum (FAD) of Clarkina wangi which characterized by drop-like, with a short and wide platform, usually no free blade; fused carina looks like a high wall and reaching beyond the posterior margin.
Joseph Kokonyangi
Environmental and Natural Resources Commission, D R Congo
Title: The kibaran tin and columbite-tantalite province in eastern D.R. Congo: Structural control, Cassiterite shrimp vs K-Ar geochronology and implications to rodinia and gondwana tectonic
Time : 13:55-14:20
Biography:
Joseph Kokonyangi has completed his Ph.D. studies in 2005 at the Osaka City University in Japan and his Postdoctoral researches at Yokohama National University in Japan. From 2007 to 2010, he has worked as Professor and Director of the Tokyo Chapter of the Gondwana Institute for Geology and Geochronology. In 2011, he was elected as the member of lower house of the parliament of the democratic republic of congo in central Africa.
Abstract:
The Mesoproterozoic Kibaran Orogenic System of central Africa developed between 1.4 and 0.95 Ga (from rifting to post collisional stage). It hosts one of the world’s largest and valuable quartz and pegmatite veins mined for cassiterite, tungsten, columbite-tantalite, monazite, ilmenite, gold and REE since the 19s. The origin and time of emplacement of the mineralization is poorly constrained partly because, attempts to date the mineralization through their host rock andor associated silicates accessory minerals such as micas and feldspar have been hampered by uncertainties and disturbances of isotopic systems. An alternative approach is to date the ore themselves directly. In this paper, Pb-Pb SHRIMP geochronology was directly applied for the first time on the cassiterite occurring within quartz and pegmatite veins and those disseminated in associated peraluminous, two micas granitoids in the Kalima and Mitwaba areas of eastern Congo. K-Ar ages obtained on muscovite occurring together with the dated cassiterite in greisen are matched to the Pb/Pb SHRIMP data and the significances of individual dates are interpreted in the frame of the metallogeny of central Africa. Finally, the implication of these geochronological data to the understanding the blocking temperature of cassiterite is assessed. Geochronological data coupled with structural observationsare finally used to discuss the Rodinia and Gondwana tectonics between 1000 and 550 Ma in central Africa.
Olumuyiwa Michael Ajibade
Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria
Title: Sediments toxicity in the rivers draining Ibadan metropolis, southwestern Nigeria
Time : 14:20-14:45
Biography:
Olumuyiwa Michael Ajibade is a faculty of the Department of Earth Sciences at Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria.
Abstract:
The drainage structures in Ibadan Metropolis are depocenter for both industrial and domestic wastes/effluents influenced by cultural practices and landuse activities. These acts of man are often major contributors of potentially harmful elements (PHE) not only into the stream sediments but also the environment. These elements have their attendant health implications on man and the entire ecosystem as a whole. This study therefore examine the trace metal content in the sediments and evaluate their origin, pollution status and the bioavailability of these trace metals in the environment. Two hundred and thirty three (233) samples systematically collected from Agricultural, Industrial; old city and new city zones (zone 1, 2, 3, 4) respectively. These were analyzed using XRD and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and sequential leaches in the sediments as absorbed ions on clay, organic compounds, amorphous Mn and Fe, sulphide and residue after digestion. XRD data revealed the dominant minerals as kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite and quartz. Potentially harmful metals concentrations range from Cu (18.30-513.00), Pb (40.30-5140.00), Zn (80.90-2450.00), As (0.20-7.10), Cd (0.08-24.40), Cu-Pb-Zn-Cd revealed highest concentrations in the old city (densely populated) and industrial areas of the city respectively. Geochemical maps revealed the densely populated zones as hotspots for the PHE’s. Pollution Load Index (PLI) values for zones 1 to 4 include PLI-127, 471, 582, 512 respectivelyindicating polluted sediments and metal sourceslink tohuman and landuse activities. Percentages of Pb, Zn and Cd ranged correspondingly from 26.4-43.5; 25.5-36.9 and 17.0-51.0 in the exchangeable fraction indicating their bioavailability to the environment. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Ni concentrations in all the zones exceeded the threshold values in the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) suggesting that the sediments were polluted. Metals concentration and degree of contamination has been linked to high population density, urbanization and increased human activities in the river channels.
Laniyan Temitope A
Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria
Title: Impact of urban activities on ground water qualities in Abeokuta southwestern, Nigeria
Time : 14:45-15:10
Biography:
Laniyan T A is a Lecturer in the Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago – Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria. Her Area of Specialisation: Applied Geochemistry.
Abstract:
Pollution of ground water has become a major environmental problem. Anthropogenic impacts on groundwater within different zones of Abeokuta, Southern Nigeria were evaluated. The study area was divided into four zones; Crowded, Market, Residential and Industrial areas and it also involved the measurement of pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS). Ground water samples were randomly collected and acidified with two drops of concentrated nitric acid and determined for elemental constituent using ICP-MS. Then of Physicochemical parameters were in the range 67-649 ppm for TDS; 6.6-8.9 for pH and 103.07-984.61 (µScm-1) for EC respectively. Elemental analysis revealed mean concentrations in decreasing order of Na>Ca>K>Mg>Fe>Mn>Zn>Pb>Cd>As>Cu for cations and Cl- > SO42-> NO3- for anions. Cations occurred within WHO permissible limits for groundwater except K, Pb and Ca while Cl- and NO3- were above the limit for anions. The high values of Cl- and NO3- were from the influence of tie and dye in the study area. The contamination factor (C.F) and geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) revealed no contamination in the cations except for Cd and Pb due to the effect of fuel combustion and quarry found behind the residential area. Conclusively, ground water from industrial and crowded zones of the study area was more contaminated than the residential zone.
Yang Tian
China University of Petroleum, China
Title: Coupling of dynamics and physical property in hydrocarbon accumulation period control the oil-bearing property of low permeability reservoir: Take the case of the low permeability turbidite reservoir of the middle part of the third member of Shahejie formation in Dongying Sag
Time : 15:55-16:15
Biography:
Tian Yang has completed his B.E and M.E. in Geology from School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, China. He will complete his Ph.D. in July 2016 from School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (CUP).
Abstract:
The coupling relationship between physical property and dynamics of hydrocarbon accumulation period determines oil bearing property of low permeability reservoir. Studies on reservoir physical property evolution and accumulation dynamics of low permeability turbidite reservoirs have been carried out by means of core observation, thin section identification, fluid inclusion analysis, carbon and oxygen isotope analysis, mercury penetration, physical property testing, basin modeling, combined with analyses of burial history, thermal history and hydrocarbon charge history in the middle part of the third member of the Shahejie Formation in Dongying Sag. The petrophysical cutoffs of reservoirs in the accumulation period were calculated after recovery of accumulation dynamics and reservoir pore structures and then the distribution laws of the oil-bearing property of reservoirs controlled by the matching relationship between dynamics and physical property during accumulation period were summarized. On the basis of diagenesis features study and with the guide of ‘diagenesis-filling’ evolution sequence, the reservoirs can be subdivided into four kinds of diagenetic facies. The reservoir experienced two period of hydrocarbon accumulation. In the early accumulation period, reservoirs have middle to high permeability from 10×10-3 μm2 to 4207.3×10-3 μm2 except diagenetic facies (A). In the later accumulation period, reservoirs have low permeability from 0.015×10-3 μm2 to 62×10-3 μm2 except diagenetic facies (C). The fluid pressure generated by hydrocarbon forming is 1.4 Mpa to 11.3 Mpa with an average of 5.14 Mpa and the surplus pressure is 1.8 Mpa to 12.6 Mpa with an average of 6.3 Mpa in the early accumulation period. In the later accumulation period, the fluid pressure generated by hydrocarbon forming is 0.7 Mpa to 12.7 Mpa with an average of 5.36 Mpa and the surplus pressure is 1.3 Mpa to 16.2 Mpa with an average of 6.55 Mpa Different kinds of reservoirs all can accumulate oil in the early accumulation period. Different kinds of reservoirs all can accumulate oil under high accumulation dynamics whereas reservoir with diagenetic facies (A) and diagenetic facies (B) could not accumulate oil in the late accumulation period. Vertically, when burial depth of turbidite reservoir is more than 3000 m, reservoirs are all oil-filled and the hydrocarbon-filling degree is higher and so can the isolated lenticular sand bodies. When burial depth of turbidite reservoir is less than 3000 m, the development of oil-source faults controlled the accumulation of reservoirs and the isolated lenticular sand bodies cannot get hydrocarbon filling. For flat surface, hydrocarbon always accumulated in reservoirs around the oil-source faults and areas near the center of subsag with high accumulation dynamics.
Guanghui Yuan
China University of Petroleum, China
Title: Feldspar dissolution, authigenic clays and quartz cements in open and closed sandstone geochemical systems during diagenesis: Typical examples from two sags in Bohai Bay Basin, east China
Time : 16:15-16:35
Biography:
Guanghui Yuan has completed his Bachelor degree in Geology at the age of 23 from China University of Petroleum. He will complete his PhD in June 2015 from China University of Petroleum. He has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Feldspar dissolution and precipitation of clays and quartz cements are important diagenetic reactions in sandstone reservoirs and can have great significance in reservoir quality evolution. We examined two sets of burial sandstone reservoirs to determine if the diagenetic systems were open or closed and investigated the mass transfer of products from leached feldspars and its impact on reservoir quality. One of the reservoirs is the Eocene sandstone buried 2.5-4.0 km below sea level (BSL) in the Nanpu Sag and the other is the Eocene sandstone buried 1.5-4.5 km BSL in the Dongying Sag. Both sandstones consist mainly of lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenites, and have feldspar secondary pores. Widely developed fractures in the Paleogene and Neogene strata, low salinity and negative hydrogen isotopic composition of pore waters indicate massive meteoric water flux in sandstones of the Nanpu Sag. In the sandstones, extensive leached feldspars are generally accompanied by small amounts of authigenic clays and quartz. Authigenic clay in sandstones is mainly kaolin with little illite even at high temperature (>125° C). The low abundance of authigenic clays and quartz and low water salinity indicate that much of the K+, Al3+ and SiO2 (aq) released from feldspar dissolution were exported from the sandstone system. Therefore, extensive feldspar dissolution enhanced much porosity and permeability. In contrast, limited fractures and high water salinity indicate little meteoric water flux in sandstones of the Dongying Sag. Sandstones containing extensive feldspar dissolution were accompanied by massive quantities of authigenic clays and quartz. Kaolin dominates in sandstones at shallower depth (<3.1 km BSL) while illite dominates at greater depth (>3.1 km BSL) where temperature exceeds 125° C. The presence of abundant clays and quartz indicates that Al3+ and SiO2 (aq) released from leached feldspars were retained in the sandstone system. The dominance of authigenic illite at greater depth indicates sufficient K+ were retained within the connate water for illitization of kaolin and feldspar to occur. Feldspar secondary porosity in thin sections can be up to 3% but little porosity (<0.25%) is enhanced. Primary macropores are lost as clays and quartz precipitate while the proportion of microporosity increases occurring between clay crystals and within the partially dissolved remains of feldspars. The overall result is that permeability is significantly degraded.