Biography
Biography: Ibrahim M Metwally
Abstract
Wegener's theory of Continental Drift was formulated in the early 20th Century, and accepted worldwide by many scientists and philosophers. Tectonic plate theory followed the same approach. However, these theories have great shortcomings and raise a lot of unanswered questions. No one denies the geometrical fit of some continental boundaries, but it is hard to accept the mechanism of drifting the Pangaea and the presence of that Pangaea surrounded by that huge ocean. The main problem in these theories is the limitation in the two-dimensional view, while reality is three dimensional one. However, Earth's continents were once connected forming the earth hard surface, but without any oceans or seas. This paper is devoted to prove that these theories are unrealistic ones. It also shows that there is no plate movement, neither convergent nor divergent. This paper handles the subject from the civil engineering point of view within the continuum mechanics framework.